DATA AND ANALYSES - Timeline

     The Data and Analyses strand for the CS Standards is summarized below.  The items for K - 2 are fairly straightforward and are covered in other content areas (Science, Mathematics, Social Studies.)  The only difference is that the phrase "with or without a computing device." is added.  Starting with grade 3, computer use is required in order to accomplish a variety of tasks associated with data: observing, manipulating, collecting, and interpreting.  Third grade also marks the point when students will be expected to work with models, visualizations, and simulations.  From sixth grade on students will need to work with computational tools to collect data for models.  The requirements become more sophisticated with each grade until grade eight when students are expected to create their own models and simulations.
     Simplifying, we might say that there are three key ideas in this strand.  The first has to do with data - observing, collecting, and manipulating.  The second has to do with creating models that illustrate a particular concept.  The third brings the first two strands together by having students develop and test models using data they have generated.

Data and Analyses Strand from Virginia Computer Science Standards

K The student will gather and display data and organize it in a chart or graph in order to answer questions about the data, with or without a computing device. [Related SOL: HSS K.1c]

1 The student will identify and explain responsible behaviors associated with using information and technology. [Related SOL: HSS 1.10]

2.11 The student will construct and analyze data and organize it in a chart or graph in order to make a prediction, with or without a computing device. [Related SOL: HSS 2.1c] 
2.12 The student will create a model of a physical object or process in order to show relationships with or without a computing device (e.g., water cycle, butterfly life cycle, seasonal weather patterns).

3.12 The student will answer questions by using a computer to observe data in order for the student to draw conclusions and make predictions. [Related SOL: Math 3.15, HSS 3.1d] 
3.13 The student will create an artifact using computing systems to model the attributes and behaviors associated with a concept (e.g., day and night, animal life cycles, plant life cycles). [Related SOL areas – Math: Models, Science: Moon Phases]

4.12 The student will answer questions by using a computer to manipulate data in order for the student to draw conclusions and make predictions. [Related SOL: Math 4.14] 
4.13 The student will create an artifact using computing systems to model the attributes and behaviors associated with a concept (e.g., solar system). [Related SOL area – Math: Models] 
4.14 The student will use numeric values to represent non-numeric ideas in the computer (binary, ASCII, pixel attributes such as RGB). [Related SOL: Math 5.19a]

5.11 The student will answer a question by using a computer to manipulate data in order for the student to draw conclusions and make predictions. [Related SOL: Math 5.16, 5.17, VS.1c and j] 
5.12 The student will create an artifact using computing systems to model the attributes and behaviors associated with a concept (e.g., rocks). [Related SOL area - Math Models, VS.1c and j] 
5.13 The student will use numeric values to represent non-numeric ideas in the computer (e.g., binary, ASCII, pixel attributes such as RGB). [Related SOL: Math 5.19a]

6.7 The student will explain how binary sequences are used to represent digital data. Exclusion: Conversions between binary and base-ten numbers are beyond the scope of these standards. 
6.8 The student will collect data using computational tools then clean and organize to make it more useful and reliable. 
6.9 The student will explain the insight and knowledge gained from digitally processed data by using appropriate visualizations. 
6.10 The student will use models and simulations to formulate, refine, and test hypotheses.

7.8 The student will discuss the correctness of a model representing a system by comparing the model’s generated results with data that were observed in the system being modeled. 
7.9 The student will refine computational models based on the data they have generated.

8.8 The student will 
a) explain the difference between a model and a simulation, and 
b) create computational models to conduct simulations. 

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